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tomcat 中的 bootstrap 与 catalina

java water 3801℃ 0评论

tomcat中各个组件的生命周期是由server控制的。那么server的生命周期由谁控制呢?

我们先来看下使用脚本启动tomcat的时候,首先会发生什么。

java应用要运行,需要一个main方法。tomcat启动的时候调用的是bootstrap中的main方法。

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/**
 * Main method, used for testing only.
 *
 * @param args Command line arguments to be processed
 */
public static void main(String args[]) {
 
    if (daemon == null) {
        // Don't set daemon until init() has completed
        Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
        try {
            bootstrap.init();
        } catch (Throwable t) {
            handleThrowable(t);
            t.printStackTrace();
            return;
        }
        daemon = bootstrap;
    }
 
    try {
        String command = "start";
        if (args.length > 0) {
            command = args[args.length - 1];
        }
 
        if (command.equals("startd")) {
            args[args.length - 1] = "start";
            daemon.load(args);
            daemon.start();
        } else if (command.equals("stopd")) {
            args[args.length - 1] = "stop";
            daemon.stop();
        } else if (command.equals("start")) {
            daemon.setAwait(true);
            daemon.load(args);
            daemon.start();
        } else if (command.equals("stop")) {
            daemon.stopServer(args);
        } else if (command.equals("configtest")) {
            daemon.load(args);
            if (null==daemon.getServer()) {
                System.exit(1);
            }
            System.exit(0);
        } else {
            log.warn("Bootstrap: command \"" + command + "\" does not exist.");
        }
    } catch (Throwable t) {
        // Unwrap the Exception for clearer error reporting
        if (t instanceof InvocationTargetException &&
                t.getCause() != null) {
            t = t.getCause();
        }
        handleThrowable(t);
        t.printStackTrace();
        System.exit(1);
    }
 
}

这个main方法首先会new一个Bootstrap对象,并且把这个对象放到一个static域中。

然后会对这个对象进行初始化,初始化方法如下:

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/**
 * Initialize daemon.
 */
public void init()
    throws Exception
{
 
    // Set Catalina path
    setCatalinaHome();
    setCatalinaBase();
 
    initClassLoaders();
 
    Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(catalinaLoader);
 
    SecurityClassLoad.securityClassLoad(catalinaLoader);
 
    // Load our startup class and call its process() method
    if (log.isDebugEnabled())
        log.debug("Loading startup class");
    Class<?> startupClass =
        catalinaLoader.loadClass
        ("org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina");
    Object startupInstance = startupClass.newInstance();
 
    // Set the shared extensions class loader
    if (log.isDebugEnabled())
        log.debug("Setting startup class properties");
    String methodName = "setParentClassLoader";
    Class<?> paramTypes[] = new Class[1];
    paramTypes[0] = Class.forName("java.lang.ClassLoader");
    Object paramValues[] = new Object[1];
    paramValues[0] = sharedLoader;
    Method method =
        startupInstance.getClass().getMethod(methodName, paramTypes);
    method.invoke(startupInstance, paramValues);
 
    catalinaDaemon = startupInstance;
 
}

在这个init方法中,会new一个catalina对象。bootstrap的大多数操作,诸如start、stop、load等,实际上都是调用的这个catalina对象的相应方法。

在bootstrap的初始化完成之后,会根据用户输入的main函数的参数(start、stop等),判断执行什么操作。
如果是start参数,就表明是启动tomcat。会先后执行daemon.setAwait、daemon.load、daemon.start这三个
方法。他们最终会分别采用反射的方式去调用之前已经初始化的catalina的对应方法setAwait、load、start。也就是说其实
bootstrap就调用了catalina的方法,本身是没做什么额外动作的。
stop则表明是关闭tomcat。

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/**
 * Daemon object used by main.
 */
private static Bootstrap daemon = null;

这里需要注意一点,我们使用脚本启动和关闭tomcat的时候,实际上最终都是执行bootstrap的main方法,正因为daemon是static
的,所以,我们start和stop的时候,实际上操作的是同一个bootstrap对象,才能对同一个tomcat的启动和关闭。

如上面所说,在启动过程中,daemon.load会调用catalina的load方法。catalina的load方法如下:

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/**
 * Start a new server instance.
 */
public void load() {
 
    long t1 = System.nanoTime();
 
    initDirs();
 
    // Before digester - it may be needed
 
    initNaming();
 
    // Create and execute our Digester
    Digester digester = createStartDigester();
 
    InputSource inputSource = null;
    InputStream inputStream = null;
    File file = null;
    try {
        file = configFile();
        inputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
        inputSource = new InputSource("file://" + file.getAbsolutePath());
    } catch (Exception e) {
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug(sm.getString("catalina.configFail", file), e);
        }
    }
    if (inputStream == null) {
        try {
            inputStream = getClass().getClassLoader()
                .getResourceAsStream(getConfigFile());
            inputSource = new InputSource
                (getClass().getClassLoader()
                 .getResource(getConfigFile()).toString());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                log.debug(sm.getString("catalina.configFail",
                        getConfigFile()), e);
            }
        }
    }
 
    // This should be included in catalina.jar
    // Alternative: don't bother with xml, just create it manually.
    if( inputStream==null ) {
        try {
            inputStream = getClass().getClassLoader()
                    .getResourceAsStream("server-embed.xml");
            inputSource = new InputSource
            (getClass().getClassLoader()
                    .getResource("server-embed.xml").toString());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                log.debug(sm.getString("catalina.configFail",
                        "server-embed.xml"), e);
            }
        }
    }
 
 
    if (inputStream == null || inputSource == null) {
        if  (file == null) {
            log.warn(sm.getString("catalina.configFail",
                    getConfigFile() + "] or [server-embed.xml]"));
        } else {
            log.warn(sm.getString("catalina.configFail",
                    file.getAbsolutePath()));
            if (file.exists() && !file.canRead()) {
                log.warn("Permissions incorrect, read permission is not allowed on the file.");
            }
        }
        return;
    }
 
    try {
        inputSource.setByteStream(inputStream);
        digester.push(this);
        digester.parse(inputSource);
    } catch (SAXParseException spe) {
        log.warn("Catalina.start using " + getConfigFile() + ": " +
                spe.getMessage());
        return;
    } catch (Exception e) {
        log.warn("Catalina.start using " + getConfigFile() + ": " , e);
        return;
    } finally {
        try {
            inputStream.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            // Ignore
        }
    }
 
    getServer().setCatalina(this);
 
    // Stream redirection
    initStreams();
 
    // Start the new server
    try {
        getServer().init();
    } catch (LifecycleException e) {
        if (Boolean.getBoolean("org.apache.catalina.startup.EXIT_ON_INIT_FAILURE")) {
            throw new java.lang.Error(e);
        } else {
            log.error("Catalina.start", e);
        }
 
    }
 
    long t2 = System.nanoTime();
    if(log.isInfoEnabled()) {
        log.info("Initialization processed in " + ((t2 - t1) / 1000000) + " ms");
    }
 
}

这个方法实际上是在加载、解析server.xml,生成tomcat的组件:server、service、connector、engine、host、context等。最后调用server的init方法。

我们之前提到过tomcat中server用来管理整个tomcat的生命周期

daemon.load方法执行之后,会执行daemon.start,这个方法调用catalina的start方法,catalina调用server的start方法,从而启动tomcat的各个组件。

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/**
 * Start a new server instance.
 */
public void start() {
 
    if (getServer() == null) {
        load();
    }
 
    if (getServer() == null) {
        log.fatal("Cannot start server. Server instance is not configured.");
        return;
    }
 
    long t1 = System.nanoTime();
 
    // Start the new server
    try {
        getServer().start();
    } catch (LifecycleException e) {
        log.error("Catalina.start: ", e);
    }
 
    long t2 = System.nanoTime();
    if(log.isInfoEnabled()) {
        log.info("Server startup in " + ((t2 - t1) / 1000000) + " ms");
    }
 
    // Register shutdown hook
    if (useShutdownHook) {
        if (shutdownHook == null) {
            shutdownHook = new CatalinaShutdownHook();
        }
        Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(shutdownHook);
 
        // If JULI is being used, disable JULI's shutdown hook since
        // shutdown hooks run in parallel and log messages may be lost
        // if JULI's hook completes before the CatalinaShutdownHook()
        LogManager logManager = LogManager.getLogManager();
        if (logManager instanceof ClassLoaderLogManager) {
            ((ClassLoaderLogManager) logManager).setUseShutdownHook(
                    false);
        }
    }
 
    if (await) {
        await();
        stop();
    }
}

server start之后,catalina会创建一个 CatalinaShutdownHook
对象,然后将它添加到运行时的shutdownHook中。即注册一个虚拟机的shutdown
hook,这样在我们不通过脚本关闭tomcat,而是直接杀死进程的时候,也能够执行catalina的stop方法,完成tomcat的关闭过程。

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/**
 * Shutdown hook which will perform a clean shutdown of Catalina if needed.
 */
protected class CatalinaShutdownHook extends Thread {
 
    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            if (getServer() != null) {
                Catalina.this.stop();
            }
        } catch (Throwable ex) {
            ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(ex);
            log.error(sm.getString("catalina.shutdownHookFail"), ex);
        } finally {
            // If JULI is used, shut JULI down *after* the server shuts down
            // so log messages aren't lost
            LogManager logManager = LogManager.getLogManager();
            if (logManager instanceof ClassLoaderLogManager) {
                ((ClassLoaderLogManager) logManager).shutdown();
            }
        }
    }
}

The Java virtual machine shuts down in response to two kinds of events:

1、程序正常退出,包括最后一个non-daemon线程退出或者Runtime.exit、System.exit方法被调用。

2、java虚拟机被终止,包括被用户中断,如:^C,或者系统级的事件:用户登出、系统关闭等。

发生上面的情况的时候,虚拟机就会调用所有的shutdown hook。

综上,tomcat启动过程实际就是bootstrap调用catalina的start方法,然后catalina调用server的start方法。
关闭的时候,可以是bootstrap的stop方法调用catalina的stop方法,也可以是Hook调用catalina的stop方法,然后
catalina的stop方法调用server的stop方法。

转载请注明:学时网 » tomcat 中的 bootstrap 与 catalina

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